The next time a retailer overcharges you for essential food items, you can challenge the practice and seek appropriate redressal. For instance, charging a customer just ₹4 extra for a cold drink bottle above its Maximum Retail Price (MRP), citing “cooling charges”, cost a Bengaluru bakery owner dearly. The Consumer Disputes Redressal Forum directed the owner to pay ₹2,500. This amount included ₹2,000 as compensation to the aggrieved customer and ₹500 towards litigation costs for selling the cold drink above its MRP.

What does MRP really mean?

Maximum Retail Price (MRP) refers to the highest price at which a retailer can sell a packaged product in India. It includes production and transportation costs, as well as all applicable taxes. Manufacturers also factor dealer margins into the MRP when setting the price. Therefore, retailers must comply with the applicable rules and cannot charge consumers more than the printed MRP for packaged commodities.

Can shops charge more than the MRP?

No. Under the Legal Metrology Act, 2009 and the 2011 Packaged Commodities Rules, retailers generally cannot sell packaged commodities above their declared MRP. Consequently, they cannot justify charging extra by citing cooling or transportation costs. The authorities can take action against retailers who violate the applicable provisions.

Are there any exceptions that allow businesses to charge above the MRP?

Yes, certain circumstances have exceptions. In 2017, the Supreme Court held that hotels and restaurants could charge more than the printed MRP for bottled mineral water and other packaged products sold as part of their services. The court considered the additional services that these establishments provide to customers, such as cutlery and napkins.

However, this exception does not automatically apply to every retailer or every transaction. The legal position depends on the circumstances and the applicable rules.

Have you been overcharged? Here’s what to do.

• Speak to the retailer: First, explain politely that the MRP represents the maximum price a retailer can generally charge for a packaged commodity. Point out the printed price and ask the retailer to correct the bill.

• Know your rights: If the retailer cites cooling, storage, or transportation costs to justify the extra charge, explain that these costs do not ordinarily permit them to sell a packaged product above its printed MRP.

• Keep the receipt: If you have already paid the additional amount, request an official store receipt that clearly records the product price and any extra charges. Also, retain the packaging or photograph the printed MRP. These records can serve as evidence when you file a complaint.

How can you seek compensation or redressal?

If the retailer refuses to resolve the issue, you can approach the relevant authorities through the following channels:

• Contact your District Legal Metrology (LMD) Officer using the details available here.

• Alternatively, contact your State Legal Metrology Officer using the details available here.

• You can also email your complaint to dirwm-ca@nic.in.

These channels can help consumers report suspected violations and seek appropriate redressal. Depending on the circumstances, the relevant authority or consumer commission may order a refund, compensation, or other relief under the applicable law. Ultimately, knowing your consumer rights can help you challenge unfair pricing practices. Have you ever experienced overcharging or any other unfair trade practice? Share your experience with us.