Overview

Despite being a rare post-infectious neurological disorder, Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is spreading rapidly across Pune, with over 100 confirmed cases. A suspected GBS-related death has also been reported in Solapur. Health officials stress the importance of early diagnosis and preventive measures.

Campylobacter jejuni: The Bacterial Trigger

GBS is often triggered by Campylobacter jejuni, a bacteria primarily responsible for stomach infections. This bacterium enters the body through contaminated food or water, particularly undercooked poultry, unpasteurized milk, and untreated water. Cross-contamination during food preparation, improper hygiene, and inadequate sanitation in food production areas further increase the risk of infection. Once ingested, C. jejuni infects the intestinal lining, causing symptoms like diarrhoea, abdominal cramps, fever, and nausea.

Rising Cases and Health Concerns

So far, 111 cases of GBS have been identified in Pune, with 17 patients requiring ventilator support. Maharashtra Health Minister Prakash acknowledged the growing concern and assured that the Pune Municipal Corporation and the state health department are actively working to prevent further spread.

Recognizing GBS Symptoms

GBS symptoms typically begin with tingling, numbness, or weakness in the legs, which can progress to the upper body. Severe cases may lead to paralysis, difficulty walking, impaired facial movements (such as trouble speaking, chewing, or swallowing), and abnormalities in heart rate or blood pressure. Some individuals may experience severe pain, breathing difficulties, or loss of bladder and bowel control. Symptoms can develop over hours to weeks and require immediate medical attention.

Is GBS Contagious?

According to Dr. Pradyumna Oak, Director of Neurology at Nanavati Max Super Speciality Hospital, Mumbai, GBS is not contagious. It is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s nerves. While respiratory and gastrointestinal infections can trigger GBS, it does not spread from person to person.

Although the exact cause of this outbreak remains unclear, experts suspect a food or waterborne infection, possibly linked to Campylobacter jejuni. The trajectory of new cases will depend on how quickly authorities identify the source and implement effective prevention strategies. While anyone can develop GBS, individuals with weakened immune systems due to infections, chronic conditions, or recent surgeries are at higher risk.

Preventive Measures: Avoiding Contaminated Food

Dr Priyanka Sehrawat, MD Medicine, DM Neurology, AIIMS Delhi, emphasized the role of foodborne infections in triggering GBS. In a recent Instagram video, she urged people to avoid eating outside and to be mindful of food safety.

She specifically advised against consuming paneer, rice, and cheese, as these foods are highly susceptible to bacterial contamination due to their moisture content and nutrient-rich composition. Dairy products like paneer and cheese can harbour harmful bacteria such as Listeria, Salmonella, and E. coli if not stored properly. Similarly, cooked rice left at room temperature can develop Bacillus cereus, a bacterium that produces toxins leading to food poisoning.

Key Food Safety Tips

To reduce the risk of foodborne illnesses, especially in the context of Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS), following basic food safety measures is essential. Here are some key tips to help protect yourself and others:

• Avoid consuming raw or undercooked poultry, unpasteurized dairy, and untreated water.
• Prevent cross-contamination by using separate cutting boards and utensils for raw and cooked foods.
• Wash hands thoroughly after handling raw meat or coming into contact with animals.
• Store perishable foods at the right temperature to prevent bacterial growth.

With GBS cases rising, health experts emphasize that prevention begins with proper hygiene and food safety practices. Early detection and prompt medical intervention are crucial to managing the condition effectively.

Source: The Times of India